tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-71884302013070175732024-02-19T01:27:49.394-08:00NIMBLE the Viennese Way to EleganceAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.comBlogger90125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-26576110301087107602015-05-12T08:38:00.000-07:002015-05-12T08:38:00.781-07:00can humans live forever<br />
I don't want to achieve immortality through my work. I want to
achieve it by not dying." So said American director Woody Allen. We've
been raised with the belief that death is inevitable, so we must
consider the legacy of what we'll leave behind. But what if you had
unlimited time to pursue your life's work? What if you didn't have to die?<br />
<br />
The
idea of living forever might seem like one that's limited to fairy
tales, particularly if you were born in 1800, when the average life
expectancy was 35 years Now, though, men in the U.S. have a life expectancy of 75 years; women 80 . If life expectancy can more than double in 200 years, then might it double again? Could it do so infinitely?<br />
<br />
Some
researchers believe that there's a limit on how many years a human
being could live, the maximum being 125. Others see a world in which we
have centenarians walking around with people who have lived for 500 or
1,000 years. Diseases related to aging, like dementia and heart disease, currently block us from reaching that point. Our body parts
wear out from use. In the quest for immortality, then, scientists are
focused on how to stop aging from occurring within the body.<br />
<br />
One method that has demonstrably increased the lifespan of creatures such as mice is a <strong>calorie-restricted diet</strong>.
To follow this diet, you must cut your caloric intake by 30 percent
while still consuming all necessary nutrients. This eating plan has
proven difficult for humans to maintain, so researchers are trying to
figure out how, exactly, fewer calories lengthen life. If they can solve
that puzzle, they may be able to replicate the mechanism in pill form.<br />
<br />
Anti-aging pills could also be used to halt the production of <strong>free radicals</strong>,
which are molecules that cause increasing damage within the body as we
age. Researchers are also considering whether compounds like <strong>resveratrol</strong>,
which is found in red wine, could be effective in pill form, as
resveratrol might have the ability to interfere with the aging process
at the genetic level. Some scientists think that <strong>telomerase</strong>, an enzyme that mends protective coverings on cells, is the answer, while some would-be centenarians have begun injections of <strong>human growth hormone</strong>, hoping they will stop the body from aging.<br />
<br />
As
you might be able to tell, there are many theories on why we age and
how we can stop it, and an anti-aging pill may be decades away -- if it
ever appears at all. One challenge to the pursuit of an anti-aging pill
is how long humans already live; while current studies with mice or
yeast cells are feasible, a study on a human could take, well, 75 or 80 years.<br />
Some
people aren't going to wait that long. Take Ray Kurzweil: He claims
that by 2045, an event known as "the singularity" will occur, and humans
will become one with machines [source: <a href="http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/25939914/when_man__machine_merge"> </a><br />
<br />
Flesh and blood aren't ideal materials for longevity, so we'll turn to
materials that are a bit more durable. Other futurists envision a world
in which a computer serves as backup for our brain and silicone parts will take the place of frail limbs.<br />
<br />
As
scientists figure out whether we'll be part machine or hopped up on
resveratrol, it's probably best not to abandon your life's legacy just
yet.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-12141831607276735842015-05-05T08:11:00.000-07:002015-05-05T08:11:00.190-07:00Why is keeping a secret so difficult for some people<br />
<br />
<br />
<section id="article-section-1"><span class="smallcaps">Though his 18-year-old </span><span class="smallcaps"><span class="smallcaps">p</span></span>atient
Ida Bauer was “in the first bloom of youth,” Sigmund Freud wrote in
1905, she had come to him suffering from coughing fits and episodes of
speechlessness. She’d become depressed and withdrawn, even hinting at
suicide.<br />
<br />
During one session, as he tried to help her uncover the source
of her sickness, Freud observed Bauer toying with a small handbag.
Interpreting the act as an expression of repressed desire, Freud
concluded, “No mortal can keep a secret. If his lips are silent, he
chatters with his finger-tips; betrayal oozes out of him at every pore.”<br />
<br />
Sometimes a handbag is just a handbag, but modern research does
support the idea that secrecy can be a source of mental and physical
distress.<br />
Keeping a secret, as the idiom suggests, requires constant
effort. In one recent study, subjects asked to conceal their sexual
orientation in an interview performed worse on a spatial-ability task,
reacted more rudely to criticism, and gave up sooner in a test of
handgrip endurance <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/03/why-you-cant-keep-a-secret/357571/#1"> </a>
And the bigger the secret, the harder it is to keep. Another study
found that subjects asked to recall a meaningful secret perceived hills
to be steeper and distances to be longer than those asked to recall a
trivial secret.<br />
When researchers requested help moving books from their
lab, the subjects harboring meaningful secrets lifted fewer stacks <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/03/why-you-cant-keep-a-secret/357571/#2"></a>.<br />
</section><br />
All
of that mental exertion might actually wear a body down: research shows
an association between keeping an emotionally charged secret and
ailments ranging from the common cold to chronic diseases <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/03/why-you-cant-keep-a-secret/357571/#3"></a>.<br />
<br />
Other evidence in favor of disclosure includes multiple studies showing
that writing about a traumatic experience can boost the immune system
and the finding that teens who confide in a parent or close friend
report fewer physical complaints and less delinquent behavior,
loneliness, and depression than those who sit on their secrets <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/03/why-you-cant-keep-a-secret/357571/#5"></a>.<br />
<br />
One reason secret keeping is such hard work is that secrets, like
unwanted thoughts, tend to take up more brain space the more one tries
not to think about them. But not everyone is equally prone to this
self-defeating cycle. Researchers have identified a small class of
“repressors,” who experience fewer intrusive thoughts about sensitive
information they are suppressing: these clandestine elite may keep their
secrets so tightly wrapped that they manage to hide them even from
themselves .<br />
<hr />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-91309753370672360012015-04-28T08:07:00.000-07:002015-04-28T08:07:00.538-07:00Why do humans love sugar?<br />
<h3>
Why do humans love sugar?</h3>
We can blame our sweet tooth on our primate ancestors.<br />
Millions and millions of years ago, apes survived on sugar-rich
fruit. These animals evolved to like riper fruit because it had a higher
sugar content than unripe fruit and therefore supplied more energy.<br />
<br />
And sugar offers more than just energy — it helps us store fat, too.<br />
<br />
When we eat table sugar, our bodies break this down into glucose and
fructose. Importantly, fructose appears to activate processes in your
body that make you want to hold on to fat,<br />
At a time when food was scarce and meals inconsistent — hunting is
significantly less reliable than a drive-through — hanging on to fat was
an advantage, not a health risk.<br />
<br />
This adaptation
was a survival mechanism: Eat fructose and decrease the likelihood you
will starve to death.<br />
<br />
The sweet taste was adaptive in other ways as well. In the brain,
sugar stimulates the "feel-good" chemical dopamine. This euphoric
response makes sense from an evolutionary perspective, since our
hunter-gatherer ancestors predisposed to "get hooked" on sugar probably
had a better chance of survival .<br />
<br />
In other words, anything that made people more likely to eat sugar
would also make them more likely to survive and pass along their genes.
<br />
<br />
All the food challenges our prehistoric ancestors faced mean that
biologically, we have trained ourselves to crave sweets. The problem
today is that humans have too much of the sweet stuff available to them.<br />
"For millions of years, our cravings and digestive systems were exquisitely balanced because sugar was rare. Apart from honey, most of the foods our hunter-gatherer ancestors ate
were no sweeter than a carrot. The invention of farming made starchy
foods more abundant, but it wasn’t until very recently that technology
made pure sugar bountiful."<br />
<br />
Weight gain was not a real risk when our instincts meant we might
scarf down the nutritional equivalent of a carrot whenever we happened
to stumble across one. Drinking soda all day — the contemporary
equivalent — is a different story.<br />
<br /> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-64765018187992699642015-04-21T11:34:00.000-07:002015-04-21T11:34:00.477-07:00Dance Therapy<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 98%px;"><tbody>
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Dance Therapy — History & Philosophy</div>
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<td class="content">Throughout the ages, cultures have relied on dance to convey
emotion, tell stories, communicate with each other and the supernatural —
and to treat illness. Individuals embraced its rhythms as a
therapeutic experience, and healers employed its movements as an
intrinsic accompaniment to the ritual of healing. The power of dance to
communicate, express, and restore underlies the ability of dance therapy
to heal to this day.<br />
<br />
Modern dance therapy, also called dance/movement therapy, finds its
origins with modern dance pioneers like Isadora Duncan, Martha Graham
and Doris Humphrey. They transformed dance from stylized forms like
ballet into a self-expressive, spontaneous form, where individuality was
encouraged. In the 1940s, after turning to a career as a dance
instructor, Marian Chace noticed that for some of her students dance was
an emotional outlet for feelings they needed to express, not just a
series of movements. She encouraged her students to concentrate on
experiencing these emotions through movement, rather than focusing on
the actual technique of the dance routine.<br />
Chace said of her work, “this
rhythmic action in unison with others results in a feeling of
well-being, relaxation, and good fellowship.”<br />
<br />
Chace went on to study at the Washington School of Psychiatry and to
teach her theory of dance therapy. She believed that the communication
of the dance fulfilled a basic human need, and her work provided
insights into the relationship of movements and their therapeutic
effect, how speech or narrative can assist in both group and individual
settings, how rhythmic movement helps with organizing and clarifying
processes, and how dance serves to unify a group.<br />
<br />
The field of dance therapy was expanding. Around WWII, the work of
psychoanalytic pioneers like Freud and Jung made their mark on the Dance
Therapy movement. One of them was Mary Starks Whitehouse, who would
become a Jungian analyst. She developed a process called <br />
“movement-in-depth” based on her knowledge of dance, movement and depth psychology. This form of dance therapy is known today as<br />
“authentic movement,” a process where patients dance their feelings
about an internal image that provides insight into issues in their past
or current life. <br />
<br />
Chase assisted in the formation of the American Dance Therapy
Association (ADTA) in 1966 and served as its first president. The ADTA
gave formal recognition to the field of dance therapy. According to the ADTA dance therapy is “the psychotherapeutic use of movement as a
process which furthers the emotional, social, cognitive, and physical
integration of the individual.”<br />
<br />
Dance therapists believe that the body, mind, and emotions, are
interrelated and that the state of the body has a positive or negative
affect on our attitude and feelings. Illness, injury, emotional and
physical trauma can cause us to become out of balance and our way of
expression and functioning in the world changes as well. Dance therapy
seeks to open up these restrictions by allowing the patient to uncover
and express them in movement, integrating and accepting them as part of
the whole. It also provides a means of communication beyond the self,
enabling the individual to go beyond any isolation to connect, share and
express common ground with others.<br />
<br />
Dance therapy provides can be helpful for a wide range of patients
and problems. It is useful for those with restricted movement of
movement, whether from arthritis, aging, degenerative disease, or other
causes. For the chronically ill or dying, it can aid in dealing with
issues of death, pain and changes in body image.<br />
<br />
Children, who don’t
have the patience or attention span for other forms of therapy, can
benefit from the openness that comes with expressive dance. Adults whose
emotions have been buried or who are not in touch with their feelings,
as well as victims of abuse who are otherwise unable to articulate their
problem, may find insight and release through dance. Even those
confined to wheelchairs can move their upper body in response to musical
rhythms.<br />
<br />
Dance therapy can assist in interpersonal relationship within the
family and can serve as communicator for those with speech and learning
disabilities and autism. It is also a means of relaxation and stress
reduction. Dance’s expressive element may also add an aesthetic and
spiritual dimension to the experience. An evolving area of dance therapy
is its in disease prevention and health promotion programs for the
chronically ill. <br />
In her article “Healing in motion: dance therapy meets diverse
needs,” Horowitz identifies the following as goals of dance therapy:<br />
<br />
1. to foster a physically and emotionally safe, non-judgmental
environment that is respectful of individual limitations and
achievements<br />
2. to facilitate individual expression and communication with other people<br />
3. to increase body awareness, spontaneity, creativity and a healthy self-image<br />
4. to promote and integrate emotional stability (including anger management and stress reduction) <br />
5. to support personal growth through insight, energy, and an expanded movement repertoire<br />
<br />
Watching a patient’s movements during therapy provides tremendous
insight into the dynamics of the individual or the group. According to
Dr. Fran Levy, author of <i>Dance and Other Expressive Art Therapies: When Words Are Not Enough</i>,
“body movement reflects inner emotional states and …changes in movement
behavior can lead to changes in the psyche, thus promoting health and
growth.” <br />
<br />
In 1993, the Office of Alternative Medicine, now the National Center
for Complementary and Alternative Medicine of the National Institutes of
Health, awarded the American Dance Therapy Association one of the first
grants to explore dance movement therapy in patients with medical
illnesses. <br />
<a class="disclaimer" href="http://www.healthandhealingny.org/complement/dance_history.html#head" target="_self"></a></td>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-8824972170253218372015-04-14T09:44:00.000-07:002015-04-14T09:44:00.084-07:00 how the completely blind dream. It turns out that if they went completely blind before around the age of 5-7 years old, they will typically dream without any visual experiences. In the very few cases where some report having visual experiences in their dreams, these experiences are more in the abstract sense where they feel like they were seeing something, even though they couldn’t actually recollect or describe when they woke up what the thing looked liked that they saw. This is similar to how occasionally in dreams you can just “know” something, even though there is nothing specifically that you are experiencing in the dream which should indicate what you know. For instance, in a dream where when you wake up, you remember feeling like you were in danger in the dream, even though nothing you can recall in the dream indicated any danger. There was just some abstract sense of it. Outside of the interesting “around the age of 5-7″ cutoff for visual dream experiences, the dreams of those who are completely blind before this age tend to be principally auditory in nature. However, what is also fascinating is that, compared to those who can see and hear, the blind report drastically increased taste/smell/touch sensations in their dreams, not just auditory sensations taking over for the lack of visual sensations. Now if they go completely blind after around the age of 5-7, the vast majority of completely blind people will at first dream very similar dreams to those who are not blind, albeit, once again, with more non-visual sensory experiences than is reported by those who can see and hear. But nevertheless, their visual experiences in their dreams tend to be quite similar to those who can see. If they had diminished vision early on in life though, perhaps only seeing colors, then their visual experiences in their dreams tend to be similarly diminished based on those visual experiences. As time passes, they typicall How the completely blind dream.
<br />
<br />
It turns out that if they went completely blind before around the age
of 5-7 years old, they will typically dream without any visual
experiences. In the very few cases where some report having visual
experiences in their dreams, these experiences are more in the abstract
sense where they feel like they were seeing something, even though they
couldn’t actually recollect or describe when they woke up what the thing
looked liked that they saw. This is similar to how occasionally in
dreams you can just “know” something, even though there is nothing
specifically that you are experiencing in the dream which should
indicate what you know. For instance, in a dream where when you wake up,
you remember feeling like you were in danger in the dream, even though
nothing you can recall in the dream indicated any danger. There was
just some abstract sense of it.<br />
<br />
Outside of the interesting “around the age of 5-7″ cutoff for visual
dream experiences, the dreams of those who are completely blind before
this age tend to be principally auditory in nature. However, what is
also fascinating is that, compared to those who can see and hear, the
blind report drastically increased taste/smell/touch sensations in their
dreams, not just auditory sensations taking over for the lack of visual
sensations.<br />
<br />
Now if they go completely blind after around the age of 5-7, the vast
majority of completely blind people will at first dream very similar
dreams to those who are not blind, albeit, once again, with more
non-visual sensory experiences than is reported by those who can see and
hear. But nevertheless, their <i>visual experiences</i> in their
dreams tend to be quite similar to those who can see. If they had
diminished vision early on in life though, perhaps only seeing colors,
then their visual experiences in their dreams tend to be similarly
diminished based on those visual experiences. As time passes, they
typically will report more and more prevalence of experiences from the
other senses and less and less visual experiences in dreams. Often the
visual experiences will become more vague and “blurry” as time passes,
but they do seem to remain to some extent throughout the blind person’s
entire life.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-30334633518858601102015-04-07T08:48:00.000-07:002015-04-07T08:48:00.232-07:00Left Brain vs.Right:It,s a Myth<br />
<div class="main_title_cont" id="nointelliTXT">
<div class="content_title">
<h1>
Left Brain vs. Right: It's a Myth, Research Finds</h1>
</div>
</div>
<div style="float: left; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; width: 0px;">
<img class="ggnoads" id="popped_image" src="http://www.livescience.com/39373-left-brain-right-brain-myth.html" /></div>
<span style="float: left; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px;">
<table border="0" style="border-spacing: 0; width: 1px;">
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<span style="float: right; padding: 2px 25px 0px 5px; width: auto;">
<a class="pin-it-button" href="http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=http%3A//www.livescience.com/39373-left-brain-right-brain-myth.html&media=http://i.livescience.com/images/i/000/056/524/original/brain-wave-side-130903.jpg?1378226450&description=The%20idea%20that%20one%20side%20of%20the%20brain%20is%20dominant%20is%20a%20myth%2C%20researchers%20say."> </a> </span><span style="float: left; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 270px;"></span></td>
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</span>It's the foundation of myriad personality assessment tests,
self-motivation books and team-building exercises – and it's all bunk.<br />
Popular culture<a class="itxtnewhook itxthook" href="http://www.livescience.com/39373-left-brain-right-brain-myth.html#" id="itxthook1" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border: 0px none transparent; display: inline; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxtnowrap" id="itxthook1p"><span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxtnowrap itxtnewhookspan" id="itxthook1w" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: transparent transparent rgb(0, 204, 0); border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #009900; font-size: 100%; font-weight: normal; padding: 0px 0px 1px ! important; text-decoration: underline ! important;"></span></span></a> would have you believe that logical, methodical and analytical people are left-brain dominant, while the creative and artistic types<a href="http://www.livescience.com/3938-creative-types-sex-partners.html"></a> are right-brain dominant. Trouble is, science never really supported this notion.<br />
<br />
Now, scientists at the University of Utah have debunked the myth with
an analysis of more than 1,000 brains. They found no evidence that
people preferentially use their left or right brain.All of the study participants — and no doubt the scientists — were
using their entire brain equally, throughout the course of the
experiment.
<br />
<br />
<div class="about_adsense" id="nointelliTXT">
</div>
<br />
The preference to use one brain region more than others for certain
functions, which scientists call lateralization, is indeed real, said
lead author Dr. Jeff Anderson, director of the fMRI Neurosurgical
Mapping Service at the University of Utah. For example, speech emanates
from the left side of the brain for most right-handed people. This does
not imply, though, that great writers or speakers use their left side of
the brain more than the right, or that one side is richer in neurons.<br />
There is a misconception that everything to do with being analytic<a href="http://www.livescience.com/19923-analytic-thinking-religious-disbelief.html"></a>
is confined to one side of the brain, and everything to do with being
creative is confined to the opposite side, Anderson said. In fact, it is
the connections among all brain regions that enable humans to engage in
both creativity and analytical thinking.<br />
<br />
"It is not the case that the left hemisphere is associated with logic
or reasoning more than the right," Anderson told LiveScience. "Also,
creativity is no more processed in the right hemisphere than the left."<br />
<br />
Anderson's team examined brain scans of participants ages 7 to 29 while they were resting. They looked at activity<a class="itxtnewhook itxthook" href="http://www.livescience.com/39373-left-brain-right-brain-myth.html#" id="itxthook2" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border: 0px none transparent; display: inline; font-size: 100%; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxtnowrap" id="itxthook2p"><span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxtnowrap itxtnewhookspan" id="itxthook2w" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: transparent transparent rgb(0, 204, 0); border-style: none none solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #009900; font-size: 100%; font-weight: normal; padding: 0px 0px 1px ! important; text-decoration: underline ! important;"></span></span></a>
in 7,000 brain regions, and examined neural connections within and
between these regions. Although they saw pockets of heavy neural traffic
in certain key regions, on average, both sides of the brain were essentially equal in their neural networks and connectivity.<br />
"We just don't see patterns where the whole left-brain network is more
connected, or the whole right-brain network is more connected in some
people," said Jared Nielsen, a graduate student and first author on the
new study.<br />
<br />
The myth of people being either "left-brained" or "right-brained" might
have arisen from the Nobel Prize-winning research of Roger Sperry,
which was done in the 1960s. Sperry studied patients with epilepsy, who
were treated with a surgical procedure that cut the brain along a
structure called the corpus callosum. Because the corpus callosum
connects the two hemispheres of the brain, the left and right sides of
these patients' brains could no longer communicate.<br />
Sperry and other researchers, through a series of clever studies,
determined which parts, or sides, of the brain were involved in
language, math, drawing and other functions in these patients. But then
popular-level psychology enthusiasts ran with this idea, creating the
notion that personalities and other human attributes are determined by
having one side of the brain dominate the other.<br />
The neuroscience community never bought into this notion, Anderson
said, and now we have evidence from more than 1,000 brain scans showing
absolutely no signs of left or right dominance.<br />
<br />
Anderson said he wasn't out to do some myth busting. His team's goal is
to better understand brain lateralization to treat conditions such as
Down syndrome, autism or schizophrenia, where the left and right
hemispheres have atypical roles.<br />
<br />
So, should you trash your app that tries to determine if you are a
left-brain or right-brain thinker? Both sides of your brain, as well as
neuroscientists, say yes.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-76460692140885214882015-03-31T09:03:00.000-07:002015-03-31T09:03:00.687-07:00Plantanas<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The
wonderful thing about plátanos (plantains) is that they truly
are a versatile food. As a plátano ripens, its high starch
content changes to sugar. Plátanos are good at any stage;
it just depends on what you want to make. Plátanos are a
relative of the banana, but are bigger, less sweet and need to be
cooked before they are eaten. Plátanos also keep their shape
when cooked, unlike bananas, which get mushy. </span>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Green or "unripe" plátanos are starchy vegetables.
They can be used in soups, stews, boiled and mashed. Most Puerto
Rican recipes that use plátanos call for green plátanos
and need to be VERY green without a hint of yellow. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The next stage of ripeness is when the skin is mostly
yellow with a few black speckles. In this stage of ripeness, the
plátanos has lost some of its starch and is slightly sweet.
Plátanos "amarillos" are usually fried but can
be boiled and baked as well. To fry them just peel, slice, and fry.
In Puerto Rico both green and amarillos are served with meals
as a side dish.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">If you need ripe plátanoss and only have
green ones, they ripen at room temperature, out of direct sunlight,
in a few days. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Did you know that there are over 500 different types
of bananas. That means if you ate a different kind of banana everyday,
it would take almost a year and a half to eat every one.</span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Although generally regarded as a tree, this large
tropical plant is really an herb. That means it does not have a
woody trunk like a tree. The compacted, water-filled leaf stalk
is composed of leaf sheaths that overlap each other and grow from
an underground stem called a rhizome..</span>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The banana plant can grow as high as 20 feet (or
6 meters) tall. That's as big as a 2 story house. They are the world's
largest herb.</span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> Bananas are not just green and yellow, some bananas
are red.</span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> Bananas are almost fat free. One banana is about
99.5% fat free! An average banana contains about 90 calories.</span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> Bananas are great source of potassium. Potassium
helps build muscle power and keeps your body fluids in balance.</span>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Plátanos are a type of banana that is treated
like a vegetable. It is not eaten raw and needs to be cooked.</span>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Plátanos and banana trees can be purchased
in plant nurseries. Keep indoors as houseplants. They like moisture
and heat. Mist the leaves often.</span>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">As the green color of bananas turns to yellow,
the starch in the fruit turns to sugar. .</span><br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-75587707621620229642015-03-24T08:28:00.000-07:002015-03-24T08:28:00.109-07:00Difference between Happiness and satisfaction<br />
The
terms, happiness and satisfaction, are often used interchangeably, some
dictionaries even list the words as synonyms. However, the terms
actually differ in the context of their terminology. The word happiness
is used to describe the state of bliss in the heart or mind, whereas
satisfaction is used to describe the state of contentment.
<br />
<br />
Basically, happiness is both a state of mind and an emotion.
Happiness is one of the base emotions that humans strive for, yet it is
the emotion that most humans complain they do not attain. It is human
nature to strive for more, they are never happy with what they have.
Some philosophers claim that if people would learn to appreciate what
they have rather than gripe about what they don’t, they would be happier
than they are now.<br />
<br />
There are various factors that have been related to happiness.
Someone may feel happy at the tiniest provocation, such as a great meal,
or someone might not even feel happy after a great milestone, such as
the fulfillment of a life wish, or in some cases, the happiness might
fade away quite quickly. However, there no validated method has been
found to substantially improve long-term happiness in a meaningful way
for most people.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Satisfaction,
on the other hand, is the contentment that one feels when one has
fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation. It is a state of mind where
one feels content after a demand or desire is fulfilled, one may also
feel satisfied if one’s demands and desires are about to be fulfilled or
if the fulfillment is possible.<br />
<br />
However, satisfaction and happiness is correlated on some level.
Satisfaction may lead to happiness, while lack of satisfaction will lead
to lack of happiness. For example, a person is expected to hand in a
report by Friday. If he hands in the report, then he is satisfied that
he completed his allotted work. If the report is well made, or if the
boss complements the employee’s timeliness, then he would also be happy
that his work was appreciated.<br />
<br />
Also, a general rule of thumb for distinguishing between satisfaction
and happiness is that, “satisfaction is enjoyed within whereas
happiness is enjoyed with somebody else.” This is mainly because
satisfaction comes from the inside, when a desire or need is satisfied,
while happiness comes from sharing, seeing somebody happy or making
somebody happy, in turn makes you happy.<br />
<br />
<em><br /></em>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-20780718245136534712015-03-17T08:45:00.000-07:002015-03-17T08:45:00.242-07:00Haptic<h1>
Haptics</h1>
<span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px;">.</span>
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px;">What's Haptics? It's a Greek word that means "I touch" – so it's the study of our sense of touch in medical, biological or
technological applications </span><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px;">. </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px;">Touch is also a way to communicate with others. I'll even dare to say that this is actually
the most basic communication tool we have: is there a more direct and intimate way to
interact with our world than using touch?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px;">Haptics is closely related to the study of </span><a href="http://www.study-body-language.com/proxemics.html"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px;"></span></a><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px;">the study of space in body language. In both cases we deal with personal space
and territory - touch is usually the direct result of allowing others into our
intimate space. We obviously wouldn't allow others to touch us if we don't feel
comfortable being around them.</span><br />
<br />
What's So Special About it?
<br />
<br />
There are 2 unique qualities to Haptics that separates it
from any other type of communication:<br />
<b>1.</b> <b>Touch is the most 'real' way to sense the world
around us</b>. It's hard to believe something is real unless we can actually
touch and feel it. So while we take it mostly for granted, our sense of touch
should not be taken lightly.<br />
<table border="0" class="columns_block grid_block" style="width: 100%;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="column_0" style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%;">
<b>Because without the sense of touch we would feel very
isolated and helpless</b>.<br />
<br />
Our skin, the
largest organ of our body, is also a sensor - it's filled with many sensory
nerves sensitive to heat and cold, pressure, vibration and pain. <br />
<br />
We receive an
endless stream of information about our environment from our skin. In fact, studies show that babies who lack a
sense of touch have a low chance of survival, in contrast to the lack of other
senses. That's probably why it's the first sense we develop when we're embryos.
<br />
</td><td class="column_1" style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%;">
<div class="ImageBlock ImageBlockCenter">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>In short - touch is the initial and most basic form of
communication we have as humans and animals.
</b><br />
<b>2. Touch is a very emotional type of communication</b>,
you can say it's the most 'human' contact we have. In a sense, it's like
delivering our emotions in a physical form. There's probably no better way to
comfort someone but to embrace and hold them, or to show your disapproval with
a sounding slap on the face.<br />
<br />
<br />
With these 2 qualities in mind we can understand that we're
dealing here with something very "touchy" and volatile
– <b>it's like an emotional dynamite</b>. It's a strong communication
tool,
perhaps the strongest, but if it's used improperly it will backfire
hard… Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-8528537894316544132015-03-10T08:43:00.000-07:002015-03-10T08:43:00.535-07:00Migraine vs HeadacheIf you’re suffering from pain in
the head, you may be suffering from a primary or secondary headache, or a
migraine. This slideshow runs through basic differences between these
types of pain.
<br />
<article class="hl-article-toc">
<div class="hl-section-disclaimer section-disclaimer" id="section-disclaimer-1">
<br /></div>
<h2 class="content_head" id="TOC_TITLE_HDR_1">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="overview"></a> Know Your Headaches</h2>
<div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_1">
When you
feel pain coming on in any region of your head, you’re likely dealing with a <span style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.healthline.com/health/headache">headache</a></span>. However, different types of
headaches produce different symptoms. How can you tell them apart? Headaches
are often distinguished by their cause. Learn
more about how to know when it’s a migraine or another type of headache. <br />
</div>
<div class="hl-section-disclaimer section-disclaimer" id="section-disclaimer-2">
<br /></div>
<h2 class="content_head" id="TOC_TITLE_HDR_2">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="types"></a> Primary Patterns</h2>
<div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_2">
Headaches
are generally classified into two main types: primary headaches and secondary
headaches. A <span style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.healthline.com/health/migraine"><strong>migraine</strong></a></span><strong>, </strong>which
is a disabling, recurring headache that frequently occurs only on one side of
the head and often results in other symptoms, is one type of primary headache.
Other primary headaches include <a href="http://www.healthline.com/health/cluster-headache"><strong>cluster</strong></a><strong> </strong>and <a href="http://www.healthline.com/health/tension-headache"><strong>tension headaches</strong></a>.
Tension-type headaches are the most common headache, and are often experienced
as mild, dull pressure without other accompanying symptoms. Cluster headaches,
which are less common than migraines or tension headaches, usually bring severe
pain (sometimes described as “stabbing” pain) behind one eye, and may be
accompanied by redness and nasal congestion..<br />
</div>
<div class="hl-section-disclaimer section-disclaimer" id="section-disclaimer-3">
<br /></div>
<h2 class="content_head" id="TOC_TITLE_HDR_3">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="secondary"></a> Secondary Sources</h2>
<div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_3">
The other main type of headache is called a secondary
headache. These headaches, while relatively rare, are more serious than primary
headaches. That’s because they are often caused by other serious health
problems or underlying conditions, such as brain aneurysms or tumors,
dysfunctions of the spinal fluid, or inflammatory diseases. In order to treat
secondary headaches, a doctor must first diagnose and treat the underlying
condition that’s caused the headache.<br />
</div>
<div class="hl-section-disclaimer section-disclaimer" id="section-disclaimer-4">
<br /></div>
<h2 class="content_head" id="TOC_TITLE_HDR_4">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="assessment"></a> How Can You Tell?</h2>
<div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_4">
It’s important to know what type of headache you have so
that you can seek proper treatment. While a doctor can help diagnose your
headache, you can probably make the assessment yourself by knowing the symptoms.
A migraine headache can be quite severe, causing intense pulsing or throbbing
sensations in one area of your head. Other distressing symptoms include nausea,
vomiting, and light or sound sensitivity. Secondary headaches are generally
distinguished by neurological symptoms that accompany a very severe
headache—your doctor can give you a neurological examination to rule out a
secondary headache.<br />
</div>
<div class="hl-section-disclaimer section-disclaimer" id="section-disclaimer-5">
<br /></div>
<h2 class="content_head" id="TOC_TITLE_HDR_5">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="differences"></a> Distinguishing Factors</h2>
<div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_5">
If you’re not sure whether your headache is a migraine or
another type of primary or secondary headache, examine your symptoms carefully.
According to the <a href="http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/migraine.cfm#e">Department
of Health and Human Services</a> (HHS), when it comes to primary headaches, both
migraine and general tension headaches can bring mild to moderate levels of
pain. Migraines and secondary headaches can result in sudden and very severe
pain. If in doubt about the type of head pain you are dealing with, see your
doctor.<br />
</div>
<div class="hl-section-disclaimer section-disclaimer" id="section-disclaimer-6">
<br /></div>
<h2 class="content_head" id="TOC_TITLE_HDR_6">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="pain"></a> Quality Counts</h2>
<div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_6">
A steady ache can result from either a tension headache or a
migraine. To help determine if you have a migraine, pay attention to the
quality of your pain. If it’s merely distracting, it’s likely a tension
headache. But if you start to feel intense pounding or throbbing that becomes
debilitating, you’re probably suffering from a migraine. <br />
</div>
<div class="hl-section-disclaimer section-disclaimer" id="section-disclaimer-7">
<br /></div>
<h2 class="content_head" id="TOC_TITLE_HDR_7">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="location"></a> Location, Location, Location</h2>
<div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_7">
Where you feel your pain can also contain clues as to what
type of headache you have. While both migraines and general tension headaches
may sometimes be felt on both sides of your head, often migraine headaches are
located on one side of your head. A distinguishing factor of migraine headaches
is that, unlike cluster headaches, they tend to result in unilateral pain,
meaning pain on one side of the head. However, migraines can, in fact, cause
pain anywhere in the head, including behind the eye or ear on one side of the
head, or in one or both temples.<br />
</div>
<div class="hl-section-disclaimer section-disclaimer" id="section-disclaimer-8">
<br /></div>
<h2 class="content_head" id="TOC_TITLE_HDR_8">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="extrasensory"></a> Extra-Sensory</h2>
<div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_8">
If you’re still not sure what type of headache you’re
dealing with, examine your other symptoms. If you feel nauseous, experience
vomiting, or see an aura (such as flashes of light, blind spots, or see shapes
or bright spots) before your headache sets in, you’re most likely experiencing a
migraine. Migraines can also cause sensitivity to light or sounds, which is
rare in a tension headache.<br />
</div>
<div class="hl-section-disclaimer section-disclaimer" id="section-disclaimer-9">
<br /></div>
<h2 class="content_head" id="TOC_TITLE_HDR_9">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="response"></a> How Does Your Headache
Respond?</h2>
<div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_9">
Depending on the type of headache you have, it may respond
differently to treatment with drugs. For example, medications used for migraine
treatment generally don’t help tension headaches. However, some over-the-counter
drugs that help soothe tension-type headaches are also effective in treating
migraines. If your headache does not respond to treatment and continues to
steadily worsen, that could be a warning sign for a secondary headache—your
doctor can provide a diagnostic assessment to be sure.<br />
</div>
<div class="hl-section-disclaimer section-disclaimer" id="section-disclaimer-10">
<br /></div>
<h2 class="content_head" id="TOC_TITLE_HDR_10">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="summary"></a> The Difference Is Clear</h2>
<div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_10">
Both general tension headaches and migraines can occur at
regular intervals, so the frequency of headaches is usually not an indicator of
which type you have. However, there are many other differences that make
migraine headaches stand out as distinct from other primary headaches, as well
as from secondary headaches. Assess your symptoms, the quality and location of
your pain, and how your headache responds (or does not respond) to treatment.
If in doubt, speak with your doctor, who can help diagnose and treat your
headaches.<br />
</div>
</article>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-13494761980785760012015-03-03T08:35:00.000-08:002015-03-03T08:35:00.246-08:00High Estrogen in MenEstrogen is considered a female hormone that belongs to a set of
molecules known as steroid hormones. It is produced in the ovaries of
women and little amounts are made in the testes, adrenal and pituitary
glands of males. Men usually have low levels of estrogen and a number of
undesirable symptoms can result when levels of estrogen are too high.
Measures should be taken to lower estrogen this’s too high.<br />
<h3>
Symptoms of High Estrogen in Men</h3>
<h4>
1. Gynecomastia/Male breast growth </h4>
The growth of male breasts is called gynecomastia. When estrogen is
present in high levels in men, the cells in breasts change their
behavior. They begin to grow and this leads to the breasts becoming
larger and more firm instead of the distinct pectoral fat deposits most
men have. This condition can occur in around half of boys in puberty,
but if it continues into adulthood, there may be an underlying reason.<br />
<h4>
2. Low sex drive</h4>
Men who have high levels of estrogen may have a problem known as
erectile dysfunction. This means he is unable to maintain an erection.
Any man who is experiencing sexual problems should talk to his doctor
about a possible hormone imbalance.<br />
<h4>
3. Infertility</h4>
A man’s fertility is determined by the number of sperm he has, the
movement of the sperm and whether they can survive long enough to reach
and fertilize an egg. Men who are exposed to high levels of estrogen
have a higher rate of infertility than men who are not. This is because
estrogen lowers the sperm’s mobility.<br />
<h4>
4. Stroke risk</h4>
Because excess estrogen may cause blood clots, if a man has too much
estrogen in his system, he may be at a higher risk of having a stroke.<br />
<h4>
5. Heart attack</h4>
The bodies of older men produce less testosterone. This causes a
hormonal imbalance with estrogen becoming more dominant. An imbalance
like this is often overlooked as a possible cause of cardio disease.<br />
<h4>
6. Prostate problems</h4>
High levels of estrogen in men can cause differing results. Some
studies show that excess estrogen may cause prostate cancer, but once
the cancer occurs, the estrogen may have some anticancer effects.<br />
<h4>
7. Weight gain</h4>
High estrogen levels in men can cause weight gain and that weight
gain may cause higher levels of estrogen. It is a cycle that is not
easily broken.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-18066041587516622792015-02-24T08:19:00.000-08:002015-02-24T08:19:00.236-08:00Strange but True: Testosterone Alone Does Not Cause Violence It's commonly assumed that testosterone, that stereotypically male
hormone, is intimately tied to violence. The evidence is all around us:
weight lifters who overdose on anabolic steroids experience "road rage,"
and castration—the removal of the source of testosterone—has been a
staple of animal husbandry for centuries.
<br />
<br />
But what is the nature of that relationship? If you give a normal
man a shot of testosterone, will he turn into the Incredible Hulk? And
do violent men have higher levels of testosterone than their more docile
peers?
<br />
<section class="article-content"><br />
"[Historically,] researchers expected an increase in testosterone
levels to inevitably lead to more aggression, and this didn't reliably
occur," says Frank McAndrew, a professor of psychology at Knox College
in Galesburg, Ill. Indeed, the latest research about testosterone and
aggression indicates that there's only a weak connection between the
two. And when aggression is more narrowly defined as simple physical
violence, the connection all but disappears.
<br />
"What psychologists and psychiatrists say is that testosterone
has a facilitative effect on aggression," comments Melvin Konner, an
anthropologist at Emory University and author of <i>The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit</i>. "You don't have a push-pull, click-click relationship where you inject testosterone and get aggressiveness."
<br />
<br />
Castration experiments demonstrate that testosterone is necessary
for violence, but other research has shown that testosterone is not, on
its own, sufficient. In this way, testosterone is less a perpetrator
and more an accomplice—one that's sometimes not too far from the scene
of the crime.
<br />
For example: regardless of their gender, the most violent
prisoners have higher levels of testosterone than their less violent
peers. Yet scientists hypothesize that this violence is just one
manifestation of the much more biologically and reproductively salient
goal of dominance.
<br />
<br />
"It has been suggested that the antisocial behaviors related to
high testosterone are a function of the manner by which dominance is
maintained in these groups," says Robert Josephs of the University of
Texas at Austin. In other words, if researchers were to study other
groups of folks, say the rich and famous, they might discover that
testosterone is connected not to violence, but to who drives the biggest
SUV or has the nicest lawn. As Josephs put it: "Perhaps slipping a shiv
into your neighbor's back might play in the penitentiary, but it
probably won't earn you any status points in Grosse Pointe."
<br />
<br />
One psychologist, James Dabbs of Georgia State University in
Atlanta, made a career out of conducting studies connecting testosterone
to every kind of lifestyle imaginable. In his book <i>Heroes, Rogues and Lovers,</i>
he noted that athletes, actors, blue-collar workers and con men tend to
have higher levels of testosterone than clerks, intellectuals and
administrators.
<br />
What Dabbs didn't address was whether this correlation was the
cause or an effect of the environment these men found themselves in.
Which is to say, are high-testosterone males more likely to become
violent criminals, or does being a violent criminal raise a man's level
of testosterone?
<br />
No one really knows the answer, but a growing body of evidence
suggests that testosterone is as much the result of violence as its
cause. Indeed, both winning a sporting match and beating an opponent at
chess can boost testosterone levels. (On the other hand, losing a
sporting match, growing old and becoming obese all reduce levels of
testosterone.)
<br />
<br />
"The causal arrow goes both ways," says Peter Gray of the
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, whose own work shows that marriage and
fatherhood lower testosterone levels. "There's evidence in humans that,
just as in animals, testosterone is responsive to male-male
competition."
<br />
Changes in testosterone levels in response to challenges can be
further shaped by our expectations. In one experiment that put a
biological spin on the red state–blue state divide, researchers at the
University of Michigan at Ann Arbor had a volunteer "accidentally" bump
into and then insult men who were raised either in the North or the
South. The researchers hypothesized that Southerners come from a
"culture of honor" in which aggressive responses to insults are
culturally appropriate, and the results of their experiment bolstered
that notion: Not only were Southerners more likely than their northern
counterparts to respond with aggression, but their levels of
testosterone also rose as a result. The Northerners, in contrast, were
much less likely to experience an increase in testosterone.<br />
<br />
"From
what we can tell now, testosterone is generated to prepare the body to
respond to competition and/or challenges to one's status," McAndrew
observes. "Any stimulus or event which signals either of these things
can trigger an increase in testosterone levels."
<br />
It makes sense—in the short-term, testosterone helps make both
males and females bigger, stronger and more energetic, all of which
would be useful for winning a physical or even mental contest.<br />
<br />
Testosterone is also responsible for libido in both sexes, and if
researchers like Josephs are correct, it powers our drive for social
dominance, which is one way that humans decide who gets to mate with
whom.
<br />
<br />
Arguably, the weak correlation between testosterone and violence
gives us reason to be optimistic about the human race: Whereas other
animals battle over mates as a direct result of their seasonal
fluctuations in testosterone and other hormones, humans have discovered
other ways to establish pecking orders. Which isn't to say that we can't
rapidly adapt to the modern-day manifestations of our violent past:
McAndrews's work demonstrated that one surefire way to raise a man's
testosterone level is to allow him to handle a gun.
</section>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-63129312618413963862015-02-17T08:41:00.000-08:002015-02-17T08:41:00.083-08:00Why does music move us?
<br />
<div class="cl">
</div>
<div id="mainBodyArea" itemprop="articleBody">
<div class="firstPar">
In the most basic terms, sound is merely a pressure wave that ripples through
air. So how does the combination of sound waves that we know as music
become, as Tolstoy put it, “the shorthand of emotion”? Or, to put it another
way, how can mechanical vibrations have such a moving effect?
</div>
<div class="secondPar">
The answer, according to Philip Ball, author of <i>The Music Instinct</i>,
lies not in the notes themselves, but in our brains. Last week, at an
event with him at the Royal Institution, at which he explained to a packed
audience why listening to Lady Gaga – who was wowing the audience at the
Brit awards at that very moment – was just as demanding as Bach or
Beethoven.
</div>
<div class="thirdPar">
<br />
Whatever your favorite kind of music, your brain has to work hard to make
sense of it. Its remarkable skill at pattern detection will take the
extraordinary richness of a note on a piano or flute – which is crammed with
harmonics – and magically collapsed it in our heads, so that we perceive it
as a single note rather than a forest of overtones.
</div>
<div class="fourthPar">
<br />
“We are pattern seekers,” explains Ball, “and music helps us to find patterns
in sound. We come equipped with all sorts of rules of thumb to make sense of
what we hear, and those are the brain mechanisms that we use to organize
sound and make sense of music.”
</div>
<div class="fifthPar">
<br />
Medical scanners have shown that this process is not limited to one part of
the brain. Different aspects of music activate different areas: we use our
temporal lobe to process melody and pitch, our hippo campus to recover
musical memories and our “rhythm-processing circuits” to fire up motor
functions (which might explain why it is hard to sit still when listening to
Lady Gaga, or tunes with similarly propulsive beats).
</div>
<div class="body">
<br />
Interestingly, the brain gives out the same signal of confusion when it
encounters examples sentences of that sense make don’t, like this one, as
music whose “syntax” seems wrong, as when the chords don’t seem to fit. And
if you study how we react to patterns of notes, you find there is something
special about a pitch that is double the frequency of another – the interval
better known as an octave.
<br />
The biggest question, however, is whether this kind of mental circuitry is
designed specifically to handle music, or if songs and tunes are just
“auditory cheesecake”, as Harvard University’s Steven Pinker puts it –
sounds which accidentally generate pleasure, via neural systems that evolved
to respond to other kinds of stimuli?
<br />
<br />
The disappointing truth, says Ball, is that we just don’t know. But we do know
that the way we learn to appreciate music is profoundly affected by how were
raised. A few years ago, Ball wrote in <i>New Scientist </i>about how music
seems to have a national character, probably as a result of the rhythms and
cadences of each different language. The English tend to vary the pitch of
their speech, and the length of their vowels, more than the French, and
their composers follow suit in the rhythms and intervals they use. On the
latter measure, Elgar was found to be the most “English” composer – which
perhaps helps explain why his <i>Pomp and Circumstance March No 1</i> is at
the heart of the Last Night of the Proms.
<br />
<br />
Similarly, concepts of what is harmonious boil down to a matter of convention,
not acoustics. Many old fogeys struggle with modern music and complain that
it is dissonant. “Actually, dissonance – horrible clashing notes – has
always been in music,” says Ball. “Listen to Beethoven and Chopin, which are
full of it. It is a matter of convention: what we regard as consonant now
was thought dissonant in the Middle Ages.” The augmented fourth (the
spine-tingling interval in <i>West Side Story's</i> Maria) was thought
sinister in medieval times, when it was dubbed “diabolus in musica”. We
still find it slightly unsettling today – which is perhaps why the music of
Black Sabbath relies on it heavily.
<br />
<br />
Towards the end of the meeting, Ball was asked whether music’s effects on the
brain can be harnessed for good. It was a perfect set-up for him to examine
the so-called “Mozart effect”: the belief that playing your infant classical
music will make them brainier. He cited an experiment conducted in 1996,
when one of the “Megalab” mass experiments run by <i>The Daily
Telegraph</i> and the BBC showed that playing babies Blur worked better than
Mozart. The important thing was not the music per se, but the fact that it
put the children in a good mood.
<br />
<br />
For Ball, the definition of the “music instinct” is that we are predisposed to
make the world a musical place. Apart from the tiny proportion of the
population who really are tone-deaf, it is impossible to say: “I am not
musical.” Even if it may seem that way whenever you get dragged along to the
karaoke.
<br />
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<span>Top news galleries</span>
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<h3>
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/earth/11403374/Hubble-space-telescope-25-years-photographing-the-galaxies-far-far-away.html">Stars in its eyes</a>
</h3>
<div class="picleft containerdiv ">
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/earth/11403374/Hubble-space-telescope-25-years-photographing-the-galaxies-far-far-away.html"><img alt="" border="0" height="137" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03194/smiling_galaxy_sum_3194399f.jpg" width="219" />
<span class="cornerimagephotoleft"> </span></a>
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<div class="labelAbstract">
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/earth/11403374/Hubble-space-telescope-25-years-photographing-the-galaxies-far-far-away.html">
<strong>In pics:</strong> Hubble space telescope's best hit
</a>
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<div class="summary headlineImageLeft">
<h3>
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/picturesoftheday/11402338/Pictures-of-the-day-10-February-2015.html">Pictures of the day</a>
</h3>
<div class="picleft containerdiv ">
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/picturesoftheday/11402338/Pictures-of-the-day-10-February-2015.html"><img alt="Going...The Clarion Hotel and Casino is prepared for implosion in Las Vegas, Nevada" border="0" height="137" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03194/POTD-CASINO-2_3194330f.jpg" width="219" />
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<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/picturesoftheday/11402338/Pictures-of-the-day-10-February-2015.html">
Imploding casinos, baby orangutans and a 'snow leopard' on the run
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<div class="summary headlineImageLeft">
<h3>
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/general-election-2015/11402809/Conservatives-let-their-hair-down-at-the-annual-Black-and-White-ball-in-pictures.html">Tories let their hair down</a>
</h3>
<div class="picleft containerdiv ">
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<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/general-election-2015/11402809/Conservatives-let-their-hair-down-at-the-annual-Black-and-White-ball-in-pictures.html">
Conservatives woo donors at five star Grosvenor House Hotel
</a>
</div>
<span class="comments">
<a class="" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/general-election-2015/11402809/Conservatives-let-their-hair-down-at-the-annual-Black-and-White-ball-in-pictures.html#disqus_thread">3 Comments</a>
</span>
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<div class="summary headlineImageLeft">
<h3>
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/the-filter/11402668/Phwoar-from-the-Madding-Crowd-Hot-dudes-reading.html">Phwoar from the Madding Crowd: Hot dudes reading</a>
</h3>
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<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/the-filter/11402668/Phwoar-from-the-Madding-Crowd-Hot-dudes-reading.html"><img alt="" border="0" height="137" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03193/hot-dudes-7_3193999f.jpg" width="219" />
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<div class="labelAbstract">
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/the-filter/11402668/Phwoar-from-the-Madding-Crowd-Hot-dudes-reading.html">
A new blog is celebrating the good-looking male readers of the New York
subway. But are these candid snaps just good fun - or just a bit creepy?
</a>
</div>
<span class="comments">
<a class="" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/the-filter/11402668/Phwoar-from-the-Madding-Crowd-Hot-dudes-reading.html#disqus_thread">3 Comments</a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="summary headlineImageLeft">
<h3>
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/11402736/Prince-Charles-tour-of-Middle-East-in-pictures.html">Prince Charles tour of Middle East</a>
</h3>
<div class="picleft containerdiv ">
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/11402736/Prince-Charles-tour-of-Middle-East-in-pictures.html"><img alt="Prince Charles is greeted at Marka Airport Amman by Jordanian Prince Ghazi Bin Muhammad, religious advisor to King Abdullah II" border="0" height="137" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03191/jordan-charles-wal_3191771f.jpg" width="219" />
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<div class="labelAbstract">
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/11402736/Prince-Charles-tour-of-Middle-East-in-pictures.html">
<strong>In pics:</strong> Prince Charles visit Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and
the United Arab Emirates
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="summary headlineImageLeft">
<h3>
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/celebritynews/10229297/Celebrity-sightings-a-look-at-who-is-doing-what-and-where.html">Celebrity sightings</a>
</h3>
<div class="picleft containerdiv ">
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/celebritynews/10229297/Celebrity-sightings-a-look-at-who-is-doing-what-and-where.html"><img alt="There is nothing like a dame! Dame Helen Mirren shows perfect poise after stumbling over the train on her dress at the 65th Berlinale festival in Germany" border="0" height="137" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03193/DO_NOT_REUSE_DAME-_3193835f.jpg" width="219" />
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<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/celebritynews/10229297/Celebrity-sightings-a-look-at-who-is-doing-what-and-where.html">
Featuring Dame Helen Mirren, Uma Thurman and Robert Pattinson
</a>
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<div class="summary headlineImageLeft">
<h3>
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/fashion-and-style/11402467/I-liked-that-sarong-David-Beckhams-biggest-fashion-fails.html">'I liked that sarong!' Beckham's fashion fails</a>
</h3>
<div class="picleft containerdiv ">
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/fashion-and-style/11402467/I-liked-that-sarong-David-Beckhams-biggest-fashion-fails.html"><img alt="" border="0" height="137" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03193/becksum_3193917f.jpg" width="219" />
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<div class="labelAbstract">
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/fashion-and-style/11402467/I-liked-that-sarong-David-Beckhams-biggest-fashion-fails.html">
David Beckham has this week defended his most infamous fashion choice. But
arguably, it wasn't his worst menswear mistake, as these pictures prove
</a>
</div>
<span class="comments">
<a class="" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/fashion-and-style/11402467/I-liked-that-sarong-David-Beckhams-biggest-fashion-fails.html#disqus_thread">1 Comment</a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="summary headlineImageLeft">
<h3>
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/9974281/Red-carpet-faux-pas.html">Dame Helen's red carpet faux pas</a>
</h3>
<div class="picleft containerdiv ">
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/9974281/Red-carpet-faux-pas.html"><img alt="" border="0" height="137" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03193/helen-tumble-summ_3193808f.jpg" width="220" />
<span class="cornerimagephotoleft"> </span></a>
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<div class="labelAbstract">
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/9974281/Red-carpet-faux-pas.html">
As actress Dame Helen Mirren takes a red carpet tumble, we round up a host of
other red carpet fashion no-nos
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="summary headlineImageLeft">
<h3>
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/cruises/11361015/The-worlds-most-romantic-cruise-destinations.html">The world's most romantic ports</a>
</h3>
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<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/cruises/11361015/The-worlds-most-romantic-cruise-destinations.html"><img alt="The world's most romantic cruise destinations" border="0" height="137" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03193/romanticcruise12_3193783f.jpg" width="219" />
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<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/cruises/11361015/The-worlds-most-romantic-cruise-destinations.html">
The most romantic places to visit on a cruise, from Venice to Valparaiso
</a>
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<h3>
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/11243593/Matt-cartoons.html">Matt cartoons: all the best</a>
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<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/11243593/Matt-cartoons.html"><img alt="Matt cartoon couple" border="0" height="137" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02489/matt-cartoon-coupl_2489389f.jpg" width="220" />
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<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/11243593/Matt-cartoons.html">
Enjoy all of Matt's cartoons from the last 30 days
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<h3>
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/photography/10895123/Viewfinder-beautiful-inspiring-photographs.html">56 inspiring photographs</a>
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<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/photography/10895123/Viewfinder-beautiful-inspiring-photographs.html"><img alt=" " border="0" height="137" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03193/summ_3193139f.jpg" width="219" />
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<span class="labelOnSec"><a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/photography/"> Photography</a></span>
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Beautiful, unexpected images from around the world
</a>
</div>
<span class="comments">
<a class="" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/photography/10895123/Viewfinder-beautiful-inspiring-photographs.html#disqus_thread">1 Comment</a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="summary headlineImageLeft">
<h3>
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/premier-league/11400642/Harry-Kane-beware-10-young-English-forwards-who-never-matched-the-hype.html">Kane beware - 10 strike starlets who flopped</a>
</h3>
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<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/premier-league/11400642/Harry-Kane-beware-10-young-English-forwards-who-never-matched-the-hype.html"><img alt="" border="0" height="137" src="http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/03193/Youngsters_3193023f.jpg" width="219" />
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<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/premier-league/11400642/Harry-Kane-beware-10-young-English-forwards-who-never-matched-the-hype.html">
Harry Kane has been outstanding for Spurs, but the Premier League era is
littered with young English forwards supposedly destined for greatness who
never made it
</a>
</div>
<span class="comments">
<a class="" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/premier-league/11400642/Harry-Kane-beware-10-young-English-forwards-who-never-matched-the-hype.html#disqus_thread">26 Comments</a>
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<h3>
<a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/11401052/US-weather-Snowstorm-blankets-the-Northeast-in-pictures.html">Extraordinary US snow storm</a>
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Bella Thorne likes 'stalking' people on Instagram</div>
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<span class="ob_source"> <span class="rec-src-link">(USA TODAY)</span></span> </div>
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See The Deer? Watch What She Does With The Dog…</div>
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<span class="ob_source"> <span class="rec-src-link">(LittleBudha.com)</span></span> </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-21122633030135583422015-02-10T09:41:00.000-08:002015-02-10T09:41:00.286-08:00How to become a free spirit<strong>A</strong>re you tired of living a life that everyone else
wants you to live? Would you rather be a free spirit in your life? Being
a free spirit is actually just about being the real you!<br />
<strong>L</strong>iving
as a free spirit includes doing things that make you happy, accepting
yourself for who you are, understanding that your beliefs are okay, and
living the life that YOU want to live. A free spirit is honest with
themselves at all times and is not afraid to show the world who they
truly are. In the end, a free spirit is always happier than someone who
is not free, because they can be who they honestly want to, and are
meant to, become.<br />
<h3>
<span style="text-decoration: underline;">5 Steps on How to Become a Free Spirit</span></h3>
<br />
<h3>
<strong>1. Find a Reason To Become a Free Spirit</strong></h3>
<strong>I</strong>n
order to become a free spirit, you need to let go of your current
thoughts and find a reason to change your life. The reason that you come
up with has to evoke a strong, powerful emotion in you that creates an
urgent desire to be free and become the person you know you were meant
to become.<br />
<strong>T</strong>here are many different reasons to be
a free spirit that you may find for yourself. For example:You may find
that living your life with complete happiness is the reason.You may want
to set a positive example to your children, family, or friends.You may
be tired of pretending to be someone that you are not.You may want more
out of this life.You may not want to waste your remaining days being
someone you are not.<br />
<strong>T</strong>he list is only limited by the individual. You will be able to find one, two, or more reasons to become a free spirit.<br />
<h3>
2. Be Honest With Yourself</h3>
<strong>S</strong>top
telling yourself lies about yourself that you do not make you happy.
For instance, if you are in a relationship that is not full of joy, then
stop telling yourself that you have to accept this relationship for
what it is. Be honest with yourself about how you really feel about your
current relationship and what you really desire out of a happy and
healthy relationship, and stop accepting less.<br />
<strong>B</strong>eing
honest with yourself will allow you to be happy. When you are honest
about your beliefs, needs, wants, and desires in life then you can no
longer lie to yourself and live in a state of ‘acceptance’. Instead, you
move on to a state of ‘taking action’ towards getting the life you want
and desire.<br />
<h3>
3. Stop Being a People Pleaser</h3>
<strong>W</strong>hen
you are a persistent people pleaser, you are not allowing yourself to
be true to yourself. Instead, you are trying to please other people and
live your life around what they want, expect, and desire. How can you be
a free spirit when you are not even living your own life?<br />
<strong>L</strong>iving
your own life does not mean that you stop helping or supporting other
people when they need that help or support. It just means that you do
not have to say ‘yes’ every time you are asked to do something;
especially if you are inclined to take a different direction or to do
something else that makes you happier.<br />
<h3>
4. Move Past The Fear</h3>
<strong>F</strong>ear
is the biggest concern for people when it comes to the question on how
to become a free spirit. It can be scary to be a free spirit! In order
to do it, you have to show other people the real you. You also have to
take action in your life to achieve the things you really want, because
you now are admitting what those things really are! You can’t just sit
back and hide behind a facade of someone you pretend to be. The thought
of failing can be scary.<br />
<strong>F</strong>ear is always going a
roadblock if you let it be. Fear is always present in life, no matter
how comfortable you are in your own skin. Moving past fear, however,
becomes easier with each step you take forward. And once you overcome
your fear, you feel a sense of pride and independence that you would
never have felt if you had let the fear block you from being the real
you.<br />
<h3>
4. Make Sure You Are Always Being Your True Self</h3>
<strong>I</strong>f
you allow yourself to be the real you during your free time, but
pretend to be someone you are not during your work time, then you are
not really being a free spirit. You are just pretending to be one – some
of the time.<br />
<strong>B</strong>eing a free spirit is about living
the life you want ALL of the time. You do not need to pretend to be
anyone else because you are being honest and open about who you really
are, and you make no excuses for that.<br />
<strong>B</strong>ecause a
free spirit has no fear about whom they really are, and where they are
going, they do not need to hide behind any kind of mask. They have an
attitude that they are perfect just the way they are, and they make no
apologies for being who they are.<br />
<h3>
5. Stick With It!</h3>
<strong>S</strong>et-backs
and unforeseen circumstances can cause us to lose our real selves, but a
free spirit keeps moving forward through those negative experiences and
comes out unscathed and intact.<br />
<strong>D</strong>on’t give up on
being a free spirit just because something negative happens or because
it feels too hard to continue living that way. Living a life that is not
true to yourself is much harder than living a life as a free spirit.<br />
<strong>W</strong>hen
you look back on your life, you will realize that being a free spirit
is what made you happy. It’s what gave you joy. It’s what helped you
accomplish the things in life that you really wanted to accomplish.<br />
<strong>S</strong>o,
if you are asking how to become a free spirit and you are ready to live
your life with passion, purpose, and happiness, then follow the above 5
steps. Create an emotional reason that moves you forward, be honest
with yourself about who you really are, stop living your life for other
people, be sure to always be true to yourself, and stick with it! You
will find that the more you live your life as a free spirit, the less
effort it will take to live.<br />
<h3>
<br /></h3>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-29331479075471999032015-02-03T09:18:00.000-08:002015-02-03T09:18:00.102-08:00Oldest living tree<h1 class="newsTitle">
Oldest Living Tree Found in Sweden</h1>
<br /><div id="storyInlineBox">
<a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/bigphotos/33944715.html">
</a>
<br />
<br />
</div>
Discovered in 2004, the lone Norway spruce—of the species traditionally
used to decorate European homes during Christmas—represents the planet's
longest-lived identified plant, Kullman said.
<br />
The researchers found the shrubby mountain survivor at an altitude of 2,985 feet (910 meters) in Dalarna Province.
<br />
<br />
The tree's incredible longevity is largely due to its ability to clone itself,
<br />
The spruce's stems or trunks have a lifespan of around 600 years, "but
as soon as a stem dies, a new one emerges from the same root stock," "So the tree has a very long life expectancy."
<br />
<b> </b><br />
<b> </b>
<br />
Bristlecone pines in the western United States are generally recognized as the world's oldest continuously standing trees.
<br />
<br />
The most ancient recorded, from Californisa,s White Mountains, is dated to around 5,000 years ago.
<br />
Bristlecone pines are aged by counting tree rings, which form annually within their trunks.
<br />
But in the case of the Norway spruce, ancient remnants of its roots were radiocarbon dated.
<br />
<br />
The study team also identified other ancient spruces in Sweden that were between 5,000 and 6,000 years old.<br />
Trees much older than 9,550 years would be impossible
in Sweden, because ice sheets covered the country until the end of the
last Ice Age around 11,000 years ago
<br />
<b> </b><br />
<div id="storyInlineBox">
</div>
The research forms part of an ongoing study into how and when trees colonized Scandinavia after it had thawed.
<br />
"Prior to our studies the general conception was that spruce migrated to
this area about 2,000 years ago, so now you will have to rewrite the
textbooks," <br />
<br />
"Deglaciation seems to have occurred much earlier than generally
thought," "Perhaps the ice sheet during the Ice Age was much
thinner than previously believed."
<br />
<br />
The tree study may also help shed light on how plants will respond to current climate change.
<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-43614882946034818992015-01-27T08:59:00.000-08:002015-01-27T08:59:00.321-08:00Rocks<br />
There are three different kinds of rocks on Earth, and they were made in very different ways.<br />
<br />
The first kind is igneous rock,
which means "fire rocks". Igneous rocks started out far underground,
where it is very hot and they were melted. Then they shot out of a volcano as lava, and cooled back into rocks as they fell back down to earth, or after they landed.<br />
<br />
Granite is a common igneous rock.<br />
<div class="floatleft">
</div>
<div class="floatleft">
The second kind of rock is sedimentary rock,
or "sitting rock". This is rock that was originally mud, or the shells
of tiny sea creatures. The little bits of dust, or mud, or shells fall
to the ground, or to the bottom of a pond or ocean, and get covered up
by more layers of mud or shells. Eventually the pressure of all the
stuff on top of them mashes them together into a hard rock.</div>
<div class="floatleft">
</div>
<div class="floatleft">
Limestone is a common sedimentary rock.
</div>
<div class="floatright3">
<br /> </div>
The third kind of rock is made out of the first two kinds. We call these metamorphic
or "changed" rocks. Metamorphic rocks are not as common as the first
two, but sometimes an igneous or a sedimentary rock meets up with a lot
of heat or pressure and this makes crystals form in the rocks, or, if
the rock already has crystals, it can make bigger crystals. This turns
the rock into a new kind of rock.<br />
<br />
A good example is carbon turning into diamonds.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH0iBTiR2paac2B7VLnm54eaUL4pnow8hT2UPcYzUbVAHi5rHDMMolxrzA4TuY20dmp0Vnjmzp5h6ZRhcdh3Qy0MReFpvvIgMKdSk16u3-KDyMAmbUFuDwYDqdzgBF2xgQsL342yZflHU/s1600/granite.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH0iBTiR2paac2B7VLnm54eaUL4pnow8hT2UPcYzUbVAHi5rHDMMolxrzA4TuY20dmp0Vnjmzp5h6ZRhcdh3Qy0MReFpvvIgMKdSk16u3-KDyMAmbUFuDwYDqdzgBF2xgQsL342yZflHU/s1600/granite.jpg" /></a></div>
granite<br /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtvmBXeWqf_Uody3vruWjPSsammU5n0foaNNQX2oswiHHM8QcLdPOGDZzuj_HWmhnrpgqcg8YsSbCbPxKThqjJwe8VZFF02zK5tg75aSUT8RlZfSYJiRWYdE_lJxDd7itKaUNRJuBEu1w/s1600/limestone.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtvmBXeWqf_Uody3vruWjPSsammU5n0foaNNQX2oswiHHM8QcLdPOGDZzuj_HWmhnrpgqcg8YsSbCbPxKThqjJwe8VZFF02zK5tg75aSUT8RlZfSYJiRWYdE_lJxDd7itKaUNRJuBEu1w/s1600/limestone.jpg" height="209" width="320" /></a></div>
Limestone<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
diamant<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMaCPbcGfir6VYR4-I0ltZH7xdLhnpuE1mI_EB2CCOIxNEa-XM4WVRv_NbfVUcdXhxRuH9slL3IwJEZRJmGtVX1hsa2_INZLsrgCBpfFkMQhrdifDMsrlg9tI_150G_sAHdNLarIryA-8/s1600/diamant.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMaCPbcGfir6VYR4-I0ltZH7xdLhnpuE1mI_EB2CCOIxNEa-XM4WVRv_NbfVUcdXhxRuH9slL3IwJEZRJmGtVX1hsa2_INZLsrgCBpfFkMQhrdifDMsrlg9tI_150G_sAHdNLarIryA-8/s1600/diamant.jpg" height="212" width="320" /></a></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-13486933701953011682015-01-20T08:38:00.000-08:002015-01-20T08:38:00.362-08:00Tides<br />
Tides are the daily or twice daily rise and fall of the oceans.<br />
Tides
are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun on the ocean.<br />
<br />
<div class="outerBlack" style="border-radius: 10px; padding: 3px;">
<div class="blackWhite" style="border-radius: 8px;">
The highest tides, called spring tides, are formed when the
earth, sun and moon are lined up in a row. This happens every two weeks
during a new moon or full moon. <br />
<br />
Smaller tides, called neap tides, are formed when the earth, sun
and moon form a right angle. This causes the sun and moon to pull the
water in two different directions.<br />
<br />
Neap tides happen during a quarter
or three-quarter moon.<br />
<br />
The difference between high tide and low tide is called the tidal range.
The biggest tidal range is found in the Bay of Fundy, Canada where sea
level rises and falls as much as 16 m (53 feet) in just over 6 hours.
The smallest tidal ranges are less than 1 m (3 feet).<br />
<br />
The width of the shoreline strip that is affected by waves depends on
the tidal range.<br />
A large tidal range means that a wide strip of land
might be subjected to the force of the waves. If the tidal range is
very small, all of the wave's energy will be concentrated in the same
place. <br />
<br />
The rise and fall of tides causes water<a href="http://www.onegeology.org/extra/kids/water.html"></a>
to move in and out of estuaries, bays and harbors. This movement is
called a tidal current.<br />
<br />
When the tide is rising, water flows from the
ocean into the bay creating a flood current.When the tide falls, water
flows from the bay back into the ocean creating an ebb current.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHdCiEB2K-T4eYEdM4-xFbyirwxb2L7YC061JmcOlIe4I6NkPfQSgkW1jsjLfOheplb1qyudWpgIGU9rlvT0Zope_zMK3KYRyNoIWQhgsJfygiFNwKlCvUcKAN0GMCbSVspS_lvWhQlS4/s1600/ebb_tide.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHdCiEB2K-T4eYEdM4-xFbyirwxb2L7YC061JmcOlIe4I6NkPfQSgkW1jsjLfOheplb1qyudWpgIGU9rlvT0Zope_zMK3KYRyNoIWQhgsJfygiFNwKlCvUcKAN0GMCbSVspS_lvWhQlS4/s1600/ebb_tide.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-89159170526327230392015-01-14T08:18:00.001-08:002015-01-14T08:18:23.886-08:00Phantom pain <em> </em><a class="linkbox no-border img-top" href="https://register.diet.mayoclinic.org/d_partner_mcd_site_leftrail_image"><div class="img">
<br /> </div>
</a>
<div id="leftNavigation">
<div class="internal side">
<em></em>
<a class="linkbox no-border img-top" href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/about-mayo-clinic/quality/rankings">
<div class="img">
<br /> </div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="internal side">
Phantom pain is pain that feels like it's coming from a body part
that's no longer there. Doctors once believed this post-amputation
phenomenon was a psychological problem, but experts now recognize that
these real sensations originate in the spinal cord and brain.</div>
</div>
<br />
Although phantom pain occurs most often in people who've had an arm
or leg removed, the disorder may also occur after surgeries to remove
other body parts, such as the breast, penis, eye or tongue.<br />
<br />
For some people, phantom pain gets better over time without
treatment. For others, managing phantom pain can be challenging. <br />
<br />
The exact cause of phantom pain is unclear, but it appears to
originate in the spinal cord and brain. During imaging scans — such as
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET) —
portions of the brain that had been neurologically connected to the
nerves of the amputated limb show activity when the person feels phantom
pain.<br />
<br />
Many experts believe phantom pain may be at least partially explained
as a response to mixed signals from the brain. After an amputation,
areas of the spinal cord and brain lose input from the missing limb and
adjust to this detachment in unpredictable ways. The result can trigger
the body's most basic message that something is not right: pain.<br />
<br />
Studies also show that after an amputation the brain may remap that
part of the body's sensory circuitry to another part of the body. In
other words, because the amputated area is no longer able to receive
sensory information, the information is referred elsewhere — from a
missing hand to a still-present cheek, for example.<br />
<br />
So when the cheek is touched, it's as though the missing hand also is
being touched. Because this is yet another version of tangled sensory
wires, the result can be pain.<br />
<br />
A number of other factors are believed to contribute to phantom pain,
including damaged nerve endings, scar tissue at the site of the
amputation and the physical memory of pre-amputation pain in the
affected area.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-26003936241043534172014-12-30T09:11:00.000-08:002014-12-30T09:11:00.324-08:00Why do we age?<h1>
Why do we age? The Current Theories...</h1>
<div class="noprint">
<div class="mobilesharebuttons">
<br /></div>
</div>
Why
do we age? It is because everything wears down with time? Cars,
computers, radios. Conventional wisdom tells us this is true, but humans
are different because we are constantly renewing our cells. We get a
cut on our finger and in 2-3 days it is back to normal. So, if our body
can heal itself, and even fight disease, why can?t it perpetuate our
youth?<br />
The shocking answer is that no one really knows. Numerous theories exist and we will look at the two most popular.<br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>Theory #1. We age by design, our DNA is programmed to slowly let us degenerate.</b><br />
<br />
This can be called the <i>Gene Expression Theory Of Aging</i>. It states
that after a certain time our bodies trigger a code that slows repairs.
Support for this theory can be seen in simpler organisms in nature like
lobsters, coral, and sponges which show no signs of aging at all. The
fact that they show no signs of deterioration suggests that some
evolutionary change must have occurred as creatures became more complex.
Another way to think about this theory is to look at life spans: a
fruit fly lives for 30 days, a mouse 3 years, a turtle for 100 years,
and a Redwood tree lives for 1000 years. What is the difference for the
amount of time it takes for each to age and die? Is it a matter of their
complexity, or their genetic programming?
<br />
<br />
In 1993 a landmark study by Cynthia Kenyon at the University of
California San Francisco found that mutations in a single gene could
double the lifespan of Caenorhabitis Elegans, a type of small worm often
used in genetic studies. This one single finding provided the first
step in proving the gene expression theory of aging, and sparked a wave
of research for extending human lifespan.
<br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>Theory #2. Our body accumulates damage and our repair mechanisms can't keep up.</b><br />
<br />
The other theory of aging states that aging is more a matter of
evolutionarily neglect than intent, and that our anti-aging defense
mechanisms are not yet up to snuff. Our bodies are complex and over time
irreparable damage occurs in our body's tissues, cells, and DNA via
random accidents in the chemistry of our body. This theory can best be
termed <i>The Stochastic Theory of Aging</i> and has lead to the
widespread popularity of everything high in antioxidants which could
help keep the bodies chemistry more stable preventing the chance of
accidents and damage. <br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>Possible solutions for Aging.</b><br />
<br />
The realization that aging is not inevitable has lead to a paradigm
shift of treating aging as a disease.<br />
<br />
The two theories battle it out in
how each hopes to find a solution, or cure, to biological aging. The
Gene Expression theory is hoping that genes can be identified which
contribute directly to aging, and via gene therapy, be reversed or
mitigated. The Stochastic theory believes that we can never outsmart our
genes and we will need to create (engineer) technologies to repair the
body where it is falling short.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-43609271757305105652014-12-23T14:59:00.000-08:002014-12-23T14:59:00.631-08:00What exactly is talent?this a fair question. "Talent" is a term you hear bandied about in a
variety of contexts. It's used constantly in reference to celebrities:
in show business, performers are often referred to as "the talent";
sports analysts will talk about an outstanding athlete's "raw talent."
Grade-school kids impress audiences full of parents at talent shows,
while the existence of talent agencies and talent brokers implies that
talent is a rarefied commodity, something to be bought and sold.
<br />
<br />
But though the word is common, the concept remains elusive -- it
lacks substance, specificity. Perhaps that's part of the reason so many
people have trouble applying it to themselves personally.<br />
<br />
Carefully
examining and refining the concept of talent may make it easier for you
to recognize it in yourself and others, in order to make the most of it
in your daily life. What is it, for example, that distinguishes talent
from related -- but very different -- concepts, such as competency or
style?<br />
<br />
Let's start with Webster's definition of talent as "any natural
ability or power." Such a broad description may not seem like much to go
on, but it includes a word that is central to Gallup's perspective on
talent: natural.<br />
<br />
Talent reflects how you're hard-wired. That's what sets the concept
apart from that of knowledge or skills. Talent dictates your
moment-by-moment reactions to your environment -- there's an
instinctiveness, an immediacy implied. Talent results in consistently
recurring patterns of thought or behavior. To deviate from those
patterns requires conscious effort, and such deviations are difficult to
sustain.<br />
<br />
Knowledge and skills, on the other hand, imply learned behavior,
actions that require more active cognitive processing. What you know
reveals more about your experiences and education than about who you are
at the core. Behavior derived from knowledge and skills can be changed
far more easily than talent-based behavior, as new information
subordinates old in an individual's consciousness.<br />
Talent can't be subordinated. It's constant and enduring. That's what
makes it talent. Understanding the difference between the two sources
of behavior changes everything.<br />
<br />
All this may seem like common sense, but you'd be amazed at how often
the promise of talent is cast aside in the name of "well roundedness."
Many people think that the more they can diversify their base of
knowledge and skills, the more secure their future will become. Gallup's
research has confirmed that the opposite is more likely to be the case:
The more time and effort spent in areas of non-talent, the less
opportunity one has to utilize and refine one's talents -- and therefore
the more likely one is to become mired in mediocrity.<br />
<br />
It's human nature to covet what we don't have. In the case of
material things, that yearning can be entirely healthy, because it's
often possible to go out and get those things. But when it comes to
talent, trying to attain what isn't there to begin with is a lost cause. <br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-53584873333495814852014-12-16T12:32:00.000-08:002014-12-16T12:32:00.148-08:00Why do we find baby animals so darn cute?<div id="title">
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We
seem to coo over them, no matter the species, even if we wouldn't be
interested in the adult animals at all. So what makes baby animals so
appealing to us? How are they universally cute, when adult animals seem
to be a matter of opinion?<br />
The answer is that nature (or God or
whoever you want to credit) planned it this way and backed up that plan
with several reasons for us to find baby animals cute. <br />
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1. The Helpless Factor</h2>
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Adults
of most species will be attracted to babies of most species because of
the natural instinct to nurture that which is helpless.<br />
I back
this up with the stories I constantly hear from animal rescuers where a
nursing mother dog will take an orphaned kid (baby goat, not human
child) into her litter to nurse and nurture or the famous story of the
dog who nursed a sick kitten back to health, literally. <br />
It is
ingrained in us to want to care for something that cannot care for
itself. (Of course there are exceptions to this rule, like when Tosca
the polar bear rejected her son Knut, and he achieved international
fame.) Since baby animals cannot care for themselves, we want to help
care for them, even if it's just subconsciously. For the most part,
that which is living wants to preserve life. </div>
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<b>2. The Nurture Factor</b></div>
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Some
experts believe that most of us don't do as much nurturing as our
bodies would like to do. We, as humans (especially women), are designed
to nurture, but many studies are showing that we don't get enough
contact with other animals, human or otherwise. <br />
So when we see a cute animal, we want to nurture it. This is different from the helpless factor because we don't only want to <strong>save</strong> it by giving it the basics of food and shelter; we want to cuddle with the animal and make it feel loved. It's only natural.<br />
This
is why many humans find mammal and fuzzy baby animals more attractive
than scaly or slimy baby animals: we think they would feel better to
cuddle!</div>
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3. The Innocence Factor</h2>
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Baby
animals are just like baby humans because they are innocent, untainted.
A baby wild animal has likely never killed for her food, and while we
may not blame a wild animal for killing to eat, knowing that it has
might somehow distance us from that animal.<br />
This lion cub to the
right is adorable because he's fuzzy, but also because you could
probably play with him! Adult lions are beautiful, but you probably
wouldn't want to get up close to them.<br />
Since we're stronger than
many baby animals, we feel like we can control them, and therefore we
feel like they pose no danger to us. It just makes them all the cuter!</div>
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This is the least graspable but probably the most obvious. We find the animals cute... because they're cute!<br />
<br />
<strong>Why</strong>
baby animals look cute is a bit more illusive, but it seems to come
down to the fact that they are adorably disproportionate. A puppy has
huge paws and ears that are way too big for his body.<br />
A monkey's eyes are huge for its face and therefore seem to convey
innocence. <br />
The elephant calf has a huge forehead
and ears, and though elephants are silly looking anyway, the little ones
are at our eye level and cuddlier. </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-4272230688466865622014-12-09T14:16:00.000-08:002014-12-09T14:16:00.345-08:00What air travel can do to your body<h1>
</h1>
<br />
It's meant to be the start of a well-earned break. But could the <br />
flight to your holiday destination pose a greater health risk than the <br />
standards of hygiene that await you? According to the Aviation Health <br />
Institute, the number of passengers each year who die after being taken ill <br />
during flights equals those killed in aircraft accidents. <br />
As a result, <br />
airline companies have come under strong pressure to improve in-flight <br />
medical facilities. Here are the flight hazards to be aware of...<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
BLOOD CLOTS<br />
Medical evidence suggests that sitting in the same position during a flight, <br />
even for a few hours, can increase your risk of developing a blood clot - or <br />
deep vein thrombosis (DVT) - in the leg.<br />
The clot prevents blood flowing past it, causing the limb to swell. Should <br />
it dislodge, the clot can travel via the veins and block the blood supply to <br />
the lungs - this is a pulmonary embolism and can be fatal.<br />
. The solution: The British Heart Foundation advises passengers on flights <br />
of more than two hours to walk about at regular intervals to keep blood <br />
flowing in the legs. You may also benefit from wearing support stockings, <br />
which help blood to flow against gravity. DON,T FORGET THE EXCELLENT MOVEMENT FROM NIMBLE<br />
<br />
SWOLLEN FEET <br />
As with blood clots, long periods of inactivity can lead to a buildup of <br />
fluid around your ankles and feet. Overweight people are more at risk.<br />
The solution: Swelling can be avoided by 'jiggling your legs, or bouncing <br />
your feet up and down on your toes, every 20 minutes', says travel health <br />
expert George Walker. 'It gets the circulation going.' <br />
<br />
HEART ATTACK <br />
Travellers, particularly with high blood pressure, can an arrhythmia - or irregular heart beat - <br />
which can be fuelled <br />
by excess alcohol and coffee, during lengthy airport waits, for example. <br />
The solution: Cut down on coffee and alcohol, especially in the run-up to <br />
a flight. Avoid bingeing on booze in the days before you are due to travel.<br />
<br />
ASTHMA <br />
As an aircraft climbs, decompression can cause gas in the lungs to expand <br />
which normally escapes naturally.<br />
But in a small number of cases where asthma symptoms are present, it can <br />
become trapped and form a bubble.<br />
If this punctures the lung, it could cause a pneumothorax - a potentially <br />
dangerous condition which can be treated only by a qualified doctor.<br />
Anyone suffering breathing problems should get in touch with a doctor before boarding.<br />
<br />
<br />
EAR PAIN <br />
During descent, air within the ear cavity contracts, forming a slight <br />
vacuum.<br />
But if it cannot escape because the Eustachian tubes are blocked - for <br />
example, because of a cold - the ear drum starts to become <br />
painful. In the worst cases, the drum will rupture, causing severe pain.<br />
The solution: When the aircraft starts to descend, suck on a sweet to <br />
'equalise' the pressure within your ear. Push your tongue against the roof of <br />
your mouth and swallow. If that fails, hold your nose and blow.<br />
<br />
<br />
STOMACH PAIN <br />
Gas in the stomach or intestine expands as an aircraft climbs. In some <br />
people, it can lead to abdominal pains.<br />
Rushed meals, or increased swallowing because of anxiety, can mean <br />
problems.<br />
The solution: Before flying, avoid food and drink that can cause a buildup <br />
of gas - such as cabbage, Brussels sprouts, apples or beans. Try eating <br />
peppermint capsules to help absorb gases.<br />
To release trapped gas, lean forward over your left knee and then sit up <br />
again - this lets it rise through your system.<br />
<br />
<br />
TOOTHACHE<br />
Large changes in altitude can cause toothache, when tiny pockets of gas <br />
become trapped in deep fillings, or collected in areas of decay.<br />
The solution: Have a dental checkup before you fly and maintain good oral <br />
hygiene in the run-up to your holiday.<br />
<br />
<br />
DEHYDRATION<br />
Cabin air can have the effect of slightly dehydrating the body, made worse <br />
by drinking alcohol.<br />
The solution: Avoid alcohol before and during the flight.<br />
Stick to soft drinks or plain water. Although rehydration can almost <br />
always be achieved simply by drinking fluid, in severe cases intravenous <br />
treatment may be needed.<br />
<br />
<br />
THE BENDS <br />
Scuba-diving can be dangerous for anyone flying shortly after a dive. <br />
Climbing to high altitudes can trigger 'the bends'. Symptoms include <br />
headache, joint pain, fatigue and breathing problems.<br />
The solution: Never fly within 48 hours of a sea dive below 50ft.<br />
The effects, even at modest cabin altitudes, can be deadly.<br />
<br />
HAPPY TRAVELING!!!! <br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-56678794662998225632014-12-02T12:12:00.000-08:002014-12-02T12:12:00.176-08:00umbrella
As the human race exited Stone Age, advancements in technology and
culture enabled our ancestors to improve their lifestyle, change
environment around
them and expand. One of the tools that enabled them to live more
easily and comfortably was umbrella and parasol, which slowly managed to
evolve from
exclusive use by wealthy and royalty to one of the most commonly used
objects in the modern world. As one of the most efficient means of
protecting the
person from sun and rain, umbrellas received countless upgrades over
the millennia's.
<br />
<br />
The first recorded use of <strong>sun protecting parasol</strong> comes from <strong>Ancient Egypt</strong>,
over 3500 years ago. Initially used with simple configurations of palm
leaves attached to a stick, Egyptian parasols soon evolved into an
object that was used by nobles, religious leaders and royalty. In those
times,
umbrellas were seen as a sign of ran and nobles enforced a culture of
pale skin that was untouched by sun. Several hieroglyphic paintings
found in
ancient Egyptian ruins depicted the life of royalty and gods, which
all had parasols over their heads. Neighboring kingdom of Assyria
practiced
tradition where only the kings had the right of being protected with
elaborate made parasols.
<br />
<br />
Because of desert like environment of northern Africa and Middle East,
Egyptian and Assyrians never found a need to waterproof their parasols
and
create umbrellas. This invention however happened in <strong>China</strong>
in 11th century BC, where first silk and waterproof umbrellas started
being used by nobility
and royalty. As a sign of power influential people carried
multi-tiered umbrellas, with Chinese Emperor himself being protected
with four tiers of very
elaborate parasol. Similar tradition spread across the region, and
rulers of Siam and Burma used parasols with eight to 24 layers.
<br />
<br />
During 1st millennia BC, umbrellas came to <strong>Ancient Greece</strong> and <strong>Rome</strong>
where they were viewed as a luxurious female accessory. It was recorded
that both
Greek and Roman women had umbrellas that could open and close, and
were often carried not by noble women but by slaves and servants,
sometimes mounted
on horses or carriages. Men however, viewed umbrellas as female only
item and only effeminate Roman men openly joined women under the
protective shade
of umbrella.
<br />
<br />
After the fall of Roman Empire in 5th century AD, use of umbrella
almost totally disappeared from Europe. It was only with the arrival of <strong>Renaissance</strong>
that umbrella returned into popularity, most commonly by the nobility
and royalty in late 16thand 17thcentury France, Italy and England
(probably under
the influence of China). By that time umbrellas were made from silk
and other expensive materials that did not provide lasting protection
from rain,
but their general shape and design (reinforced with modern technology
that enabled easier opening and closing) closely resembled those that
were used
by Roman and Greece women in 4th century BC.
<br />
<br />
As the centuries went, umbrellas slowly spread across entire Europe and after <strong>"Age of Discovery"</strong>
over to the Northern America, but tradition of female
use continued to be strong until mid-18th century. This finally
changed when the will of Jonas Hanway, founder of English Magdalen
Hospital, dared to
appear in public carrying an umbrella in almost all occasions. Openly
ridiculed at first, male population of England finally accepted the use
of
umbrella by 1790s when many more reinforced and heavier umbrellas
started being made and advertised. As the decades went on, umbrellas
slowly become
accepted by everyone as general item and technical advancements
enabled creation of modern day umbrella. Most notable inventions that
shaped umbrella
into modern state were <strong>Hans Haupt's</strong> introduction of
pocket umbrellas in 1928, and 1969 Bradford E Phillips' introduction of
modern folding mechanism.<br />
Umbrellas even found their way into religious ceremonies of Catholic
Church (as a part of part of the papal regalia) and oriental Orthodox
Churches where umbrellas are used to honor important person or holy
object.
<br />
<br />
Advancements of umbrella technology and manufacture continue to be
refined to this day, with many patents being submitted on every year
(for example
umbrella design that can withstand storm winds of up to 100km/h and
can't be turned inside out). As of 2008, majority<strong> modern of umbrella production</strong>
comes from several provinces of China which are home to thousands umbrella companies.
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-88872997806089080982014-11-26T07:37:00.000-08:002014-11-26T07:37:56.511-08:00aspirin<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span>Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid,
is a derivative of salicylic acid that is a mild, nonnarcotic analgesic
useful in the relief of headache and muscle and joint aches. The drug
works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, body chemicals
that are necessary for blood clotting and which also sensitize nerve
endings to pain.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span>The father of modern medicine was <b>Hippocrates</b>,
who lived sometime between 460 B.C and 377 B.C. Hippocrates was left
historical records of pain relief treatments, including the use of
powder made from the bark and leaves of the willow tree to help heal
headaches, pains and fevers.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span>By 1829, scientists discovered that it was the compound called salicin in willow plants which gave you the pain relief.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span>According to "From A
Miracle Drug" written by Sophie Jourdier for the Royal Society of
Chemistry: "It was not long before the active ingredient in willow bark
was isolated; in 1828, <b>Johann Buchner</b>, professor of pharmacy at
the University of Munich, isolated a tiny amount of bitter tasting
yellow, needle-like crystals, which he called salicin. Two Italians, <b>Brugnatelli</b> and <b>Fontana</b>, had in fact already obtained salicin in 1826, but in a highly impure form. By 1829, [French chemist] <b>Henri Leroux</b> had improved the extraction procedure to obtain about 30g from 1.5kg of bark. In 1838, <b>Raffaele Piria</b>
[an Italian chemist] then working at the Sorbonne in Paris, split
salicin into a sugar and an aromatic component (salicylaldehyde) and
converted the latter, by hydrolysis and oxidation, to an acid of
crystallised colourless needles, which he named salicylic acid."</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span><b>Henri Leroux</b> had extracted salicin, in crystalline form for the first time, and <b>Raffaele Piria</b> succeeded in obtaining the salicylic acid in its pure state.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span>The problem was that
salicylic acid was tough on stomachs and a means of 'buffering' the
compound was searched for. The first person to do so was a French
chemist named <b>Charles </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span><b>Frederic Gerhardt</b>. In 1853, Gerhardt
neutralized salicylic acid by buffering it with sodium (sodium
salicylate) and acetyl chloride, creating acetylsalicylic acid.
Gerhardt's product worked but he had no desire to market it and
abandoned his discovery.</span></span><br />
<h5>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span>In 1899, a German chemist named Felix Hoffmann, who worked for a German company called <span style="color: black;">Bayer</span>
rediscovered Gerhardt's formula. Felix Hoffmann made some of the
formula and gave it to his father who was suffering from the pain of
arthritis. With good results, Felix Hoffmann then convinced Bayer to
market the new wonder drug. Aspirin was patented on February 27, 1900.</span></span></span>
</h5>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span>The folks at Bayer came
up with the name Aspirin, it comes from the 'A" in acetyl chloride, the
"spir" in spiraea ulmaria (the plant they derived the salicylic acid
from) and the 'in' was a then familiar name ending for medicines.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span>Aspirin was first sold
as a powder. In 1915, the first Aspirin tablets were made.
Interestingly, Aspirin ® and Heroin ® were once trademarks belonging to
Bayer. After Germany lost World War I, Bayer was forced to give up both
trademarks as part of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.</span></span><br />
<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7188430201307017573.post-91398535776157995762014-11-18T08:21:00.000-08:002014-11-18T08:21:00.591-08:00Could we survive without gravity?<div class="content">
<h2 class="articlePageTitle">
</h2>
<div class="content">
<h2 class="articlePageTitle">
Could we survive without gravity?</h2>
But let's ignore the physics and imagine that, one day, the planet's <span style="color: black;">gravity</span> turned off, and suddenly there was no force of gravity on planet Earth. This would turn out to be a pretty bad day. We depend on gravity to hold so many things down -- cars,
people, furniture, pencils and papers on your desk, and so on.<br />
Everything not stuck in place would suddenly have no reason to stay
down, it would start floating. But it's not just furniture and the like
that would start to float. Two of the more important things held on the
ground by gravity are the atmosphere and the water
in the oceans, lakes and rivers. Without gravity, the air in the
atmosphere has no reason to hang around, and it would immediately leap
into space. This is the problem the moon
has -- the moon doesn't have enough gravity to keep an atmosphere
around it, so it's in a near vacuum. Without an atmosphere, any living
thing would die immediately and anything liquid would boil away into
space.<br />
<br />
In other words, no one would last long if the planet didn't have gravity.<br />
<br />
If
gravity were to suddenly double, It would be almost as bad, because
everything would be twice as heavy. There would be big problems with
anything <strong>structural</strong>. Houses, bridges, skyscrapers,, table legs, support columns and so on are all sized for <em>normal</em>
gravity. Most structures would collapse fairly quickly if you doubled
the load on them. Trees and plants would have problems. Power lines
would have problems.<br />
The air pressure would double and that would have a
big effect on the weather.<br />
<br />
What this answer shows you is just how
integral gravity is to our world.<br />
<br />
We can’t live without it, and we
can't afford to have it change. It is one of the true constants in our
lives!<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04947677555027393448noreply@blogger.com0